Electric Hoist Selection and Usage Guide

Electric hoists play an irreplaceable role as crucial lifting equipment in modern industrial production, construction sites, warehousing and logistics, and maintenance operations. Correct selection and use of electric hoists not only improve work efficiency but also ensure operational safety and reduce equipment wear and tear. This article comprehensively analyzes the key points of electric hoist selection and usage specifications to help users make informed decisions and master safe operating methods.

I. Core Elements of Electric Hoist Selection

1. Load Capacity: The Basis of Selection

Load capacity is the primary consideration when selecting an electric hoist. Users need to clearly define two parameters: standard lifting weight and maximum lifting weight:

Rated Lifting Capacity: Must be greater than or equal to the maximum weight that actually needs to be lifted, and future increases in demand should be considered. It is generally recommended to choose equipment with a power rating 20%-30% higher than the actual maximum demand to provide a safety margin.

Load Type: Distinguish between static and dynamic loads. For loads that are frequently lifted or moved, the impact of dynamic loads on the equipment should be considered.

Load Characteristics: Consider the shape, size, center of gravity, and lifting point of the load, as these factors affect lifting stability.

2. Working Environment and Installation Conditions

Environmental Factors:

Indoor/Outdoor Use: For outdoor use, rain and corrosion resistance must be considered.

Temperature Range: Specially designed models are required for extremely high or low temperature environments.

Corrosive Environments: Corrosion-resistant electric hoists are required for chemical plants, coastal areas, etc.

Explosion-proof Requirements: Explosion-proof equipment must be used in flammable and explosive environments.

Installation Conditions:

Fixed or Mobile: Determine whether to choose a fixed installation or a mobile installation with a trolley based on the work area.

Installation Space: Measure the dimensional limitations of the installation location to ensure correct installation of the equipment.

Power Supply Conditions: Confirm that the on-site power supply type (voltage, frequency, number of phases) matches the equipment.

3. Control and Safety Functions

Control System: Wired control, wireless remote control, or a combination of both can be selected according to operational needs.

Safety Devices:

Overload Protection: Prevents overload operation

Limit Switches: Upper and lower limit protection to prevent overshooting or excessive lowering

Phase Sequence Protection: Prevents equipment malfunction caused by reverse power supply

Emergency Stop Button: Quickly cuts off power in emergencies

Braking System: Ensures the load can safely stop and maintain its position in the event of a power outage.

II. Correct Use and Safety Standards for Electric Hoists

1. Installation and Commissioning

Correct installation is the foundation for ensuring the safe operation of the electric hoist:

Pre-installation Inspection:

Check the integrity of the equipment and confirm there is no transportation damage.

Verify that the equipment specifications are consistent with the order requirements.

Check that all accompanying documents and certificates are complete.

Installation Points:

Installation should be performed by professional personnel to ensure compliance with the manufacturer's requirements.

Check the strength of the installation foundation structure to ensure it can withstand the equipment and the maximum load.

Adjust the flatness of the travel track to ensure smooth trolley movement.

Correctly connect the power line to ensure reliable grounding.

Post-Installation Commissioning:

No-load test run to check if the movement in all directions is normal.

Test the effectiveness of the limit switches and safety devices.

Gradually increase the load during the test to confirm stable equipment operation.

2. Maintenance and Care Procedures

Scientific maintenance can extend equipment life and ensure safe operation: Daily Maintenance:

Clean the equipment after each use and check for any abnormalities. Check for loose fasteners. Check the condition of the wire rope/chain and remove dirt promptly. Regular Maintenance: Lubricate moving parts regularly as required by the manufacturer. Check the insulation of electrical components and wiring. Check brake wear and adjust or replace as needed. Check gearbox oil level and quality and change lubricating oil regularly. Annual Inspection: Conduct comprehensive performance testing and safety device testing. Check major structural components for cracks or deformation. Conduct rated load testing to confirm equipment performance.

3. Common Faults and Troubleshooting Methods

The electric hoist cannot start: Check the power supply, fuses, control circuits, and switches.

Abnormal noise during operation: Check gear and bearing lubrication and wear.

Brake failure or excessive braking: Adjust brake clearance or replace brake pads.

Limit switch malfunction: Check switch position and electrical connections.

Wire rope/chain slippage: Check the alignment of the rope guide and sprocket.

III. Precautions for Special Application Scenarios

1. Applications in Hazardous Environments

Electric hoists used in flammable, explosive, corrosive, dusty, or humid environments require special consideration:

Select a protection rating that meets environmental requirements

Increase the frequency of inspections and maintenance

Develop specific safety operating procedures.

2. High-Frequency Use

For continuous operations such as production lines:

Select equipment with a higher working class

Increase spare parts inventory for critical components

Develop a more intensive maintenance plan.

3. Precision Lifting Operations

In equipment installation, precision instrument lifting, etc.:

Select electric hoists with fine-tuning functions

Strictly control lifting speed

Use specialized lifting tools to prevent damage to workpieces.

Conclusion

The selection and use of electric hoists is a comprehensive discipline combining engineering knowledge, safety awareness, and operational skills. Correct selection ensures the equipment meets usage requirements, while standardized operation and maintenance directly affect operational safety and equipment lifespan. With technological advancements, the design and function of electric hoists are constantly improving, but the fundamental safety principles remain unchanged. Users should establish a scientific management system, strengthen personnel training, and conduct regular inspections and maintenance to ensure that this important lifting equipment can serve production and construction safely and efficiently.

Choosing the right electric hoist and using it correctly can not only improve work efficiency and reduce operating costs, but more importantly, it can ensure the safety of workers, which is the core goal of all industrial equipment management. This guide aims to provide valuable reference for the selection and use of electric hoists.